ACCELERATION CAPACITY IN FUTSAL
AND SOCCERPLAYERS
Jose Arlen Beltrão de
Matos1,2 arleneducacaofi
sica@hotmail.com
Felipe Jose Aidar1,4 fjaidar@gmail.com
Ricardo Rodrigues
Mendes1,2 arleneducacaofi
sica@hotmail.com
Lomeu de Malaquias
Lômeu1,2 arleneducacaofi
sica@hotmail.com
César Augusto Santos1,3 arleneducacaofi
sica@hotmail.com
Rodrigo Pains1 rodrigopains@uol.com.br
António José Silva1 ajsilva@utad.pt
Victor Machado Reis1 vreis@utad.pt
doi:10.3900/fpj.7.4.224.e
Matos JAB, Aidar FJ, Mendes RR, Lômeu LM, Santos
CA, Pains R, et al. Acceleration capacity in futsal and soccer players.
Fit Perf J. 2008 Jul-
Aug;7(4):224-8.
224
Copyright© 2008 por Colégio Brasileiro de
Atividade Física, Saúde e Esporte
EISSN 1676-5133
Fit Perf J. 2008
Jul-Aug;7(4):224-8.
Fit Perf J | Rio de Janeiro | 7 | 4 | 224-228
| Jul/Aug 2008
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Soccer and futsal
present proper characteristics, with a complex variety of factors that can influence
the performance. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the
acceleration capacity between soccer and futsal players.
Materials and Methods: 37 volunteers (n=37),
being 12 athletes from Minas Gerais state futsal team, and 25 soccer athletes
of the youth category. For the analysis of the acceleration capacity, a
photocell equipment with photoelectric sensor was used. The photocells were
placed in the beginning of the sprint and 10m from it.
The established level of significance in
this study was of p<0.05.
Results: the results in the
speed test of 10m indicated differences between the two groups, with better
results for the futsal athletes.
Discussion: the futsal players
were faster than the soccer players. The result corroborates previous
literature, when verified that starts in high intensity happen more frequently
in the futsal modality, in relation to the soccer modality.
KEYWORDS
Acceleration, Soccer, Running.
1 Universidade de
Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - UTAD - Vila Real - Portugal
2 Universidade Presidente
António Carlos - UNIPAC - Teófi lo Otoni - Brazil
3 Universidade Estadual do
Pará - UEPA - Belém - Brazil
4 Corpo de Bombeiros
Militar de Minas Gerais - CBMMG - Belo Horizonte - Brazil
Fit Perf J. 2008
Jul-Aug;7(4):224-8. 225
ACCELERATION CAPACITY
CAPACIDADE DE ACELERAÇÃO
DE JOGADORES DE FUTSAL E FUTEBOL
RESUMO
Introdução: O futebol de campo e o
futsal apresentam características próprias, com complexa variedade de fatores
que podem influenciar o desempenho. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e
comparar a capacidade de aceleração entre jogadores de futebol de campo e
futsal.
Materiais e Métodos:
Participaram deste estudo 37 voluntários, sendo 12 atletas da seleção mineira
de futsal e 25 atletas de futebol de campo da categoria juvenil. Para análise
da capacidade de aceleração foram utilizadas aparelhagens de fotocélulas com
sensor fotoelétrico. As fotocélulas foram posicionadas no início do sprint e
aos 10m. O nível de significância estabelecido nesse estudo foi de p<0,05.
Resultados: Os resultados no teste
de velocidade de 10m indicaram diferença entre os dois grupos, com melhores
resultados para os atletas de futsal.
Discussão: Os jogadores de futsal foram
mais velozes que os jogadores de futebol de campo. O resultado corrobora a
literatura, verificando-se que arranques em alta intensidade acontecem com mais
freqüência na modalidade de futsal em relação à modalidade de futebol de campo.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
Aceleração, Futebol, Corrida.
CAPACIDAD DE ACELERACIÓN
DE JUGADORES DE FÚTBOL SALA Y FÚTBOL
RESUMEN
Introducción: el fútbol de campo y el
fútbol sala presentan características propias, con compleja variedad de factores
que pueden influenciar el desempeño. El objetivo de este estudio fue a analizar
y comparar la capacidad de aceleración entre jugadores de fútbol de campo y
fútbol sala.
Materiales y Métodos: Participaron de este
estudio 37 voluntarios (n=37), siendo 12 atletas de la selección mineira de
fútbol sala y 25 atletas de fútbol de campo de la categoría juvenil. Para
análisis de la capacidad de aceleración habían sido utilizadas herramientas de
fotocélulas con sensor fotoeléctrico. Las fotocélulas habían sido posicionadas
en el inicio del sprint y a los 10m. El nivel de acepción establecido en
ese estudio fue de p<0,05.
Resultado: Los resultados en el
test de velocidad de 10m indicaron diferencia entre los dos grupos, con mejores
resultados para los atletas de fútbol sala.
Discusión: Los jugadores de fútbol
sala fueron más veloces que los jugadores de fútbol de campo. El resultado
corrobora la literatura, verificándose que arranques en alta intensidad
acontecen con más frecuencia en la modalidad de fútbol sala en relación a la
modalidad de fútbol de campo.
PALABRAS CLAVE
Aceleración, Fútbol, Carrera.
INTRODUCTION
Soccer and futsal are sports modalities with
their own characteristics, in which there is a complex variety of factors that
can influence the performance of a team. Sports’ Science has contributed in a
significant and decisive way, related to each sport, evaluating its
characteristics, physical and motor requirements, athletes’ profiles, improving
and developing more efficient training methods, which aim at achieving better
performance and results.
The constant changes of rules and the
physical, technique and tactic evolution of futsal teams, are turning the
match into a more dynamic and competitive activity,
in which the player faces two basic situations that are defined by the
possession of the ball. When the player has the ball, the athletes play the function
of strikers; without the possession of the ball, they become defenders. Due to
the requirements of the match, the athlete performs a strong marking to get the
ball back, and soon after they recover it, he goes to an offensive action,
using demarcation, accelerations, dribbles, passes and finalizations.
The Futsal players basically need endurance,
speed, located muscular resistance and muscular potency1. The current studies
suggest that the physiological characteristics tend to present an important
role for the performance in high efficiency soccer, interfering in the ranking
of the Greek championship2. The speed of the race is placed amongst the indicators that can
differentiate the performance of players3, besides agility,
balance, flexibility, coordination and rhythm, which also constitute very
important qualities. In contrast, futsal evidences, in its practice, some physical
qualities which are considered essential, such as aerobic resistance, alactic and
lactic anaerobic resistance, localized muscular resistance, potency, time of
reaction, flexibility and speed 4,5. The speed has been
fundamental in decisive moments of each match, because it is through it that
innumerable championships are determined and athletes are consecrated for
arriving at the right moment and place before their oponents2.
The performance of the soccer player is
determined by many abilities, capacities and qualities that are completely interdependent
6,7. In this sense, soccer has been presenting itself as a sport that
is characterized by fast and short movements, in which the displacement with
and without the ball demands a high level of physical qualities: explosive strength
and aerobic capacity 3,8,9,10.
These requirements are manifested through
brusque impulse, sprint, races, jumps, dribbles and fakes2. Inside different
determinant factors of the performance in a soccer and in a futsal match, the
development level of the physical capacities can be considered a factor of
fundamental importance for the athlete’s performance, being the speed a highly decisive
component for a good performance during a match, reaching a detached place in
the training11.
The differences which exist in many sports
make the manifestations for qualities to be different. This implies that the
speed of futsal players is specific and manifested in three forms: reaction
speed; gesture speed and acceleration speed12.
The speed capacities of soccer players are
specific and are manifested in several ways5: in the speed reaction,
in matches situations, and the constant position exchanges; in the ability to
develop the maximum speed, starting from different initial positions; and fast
changes in directions and accelerations.
The explosive impulse, free race,
overlapping, fast dribble and sudden impulse, after the one-two, demand high
acceleration capacity. It is verified, then, that such situations are present
in a match or, simply, in a play or action of soccer and futsal modalities13.
In this sense, information about the acceleration capacity and performance in
quick actions are important aspects to be considered, due to peculiar
characteristics of soccer and futsal matches.
226
Fit Perf J. 2008 Jul-Aug;7(4):224-8.
MATOS, AIDAR, MENDES, LÔMEU, SANTOS, PAINS, ET AL.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sample
37 volunteers (n=37), being
12 athletes from Minas Gerais state futsal team (2003), and 25 soccer athletes of
the youth category of Cruzeiro Esporte Clube. Table 1 describes the
characteristics of the sample. The citizens were informed about the study and
all of them signed the authorization term according to the norms of the Resolution
196/96 of the National Health Council for research involving human beings and
in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinke of 1975 and the addendum of
2000.
Instrument
The material used in the
research, for the analysis of the acceleration capacity, was a photocell
equipment of
the brand Multipsy series
821 (Frankfurt, Germany). This mechanism has a photoelectric sensor that
catches the passage of something or somebody that moves between two tripods
which are place in front of each other, in accurate height and direction,
registering the time in each passage. With the total of two pairs, the
photocells are activated through the interruption of an invisible barrier of
rays and were used to determine the necessary time to cross an established distance9.
Photocells with double transmitters
and receivers were used. For the analysis of the acceleration capacity, a 10m in
straight-line distance, departing from the resting point, was used. The
photocells were located at the beginning (extremity) of the sprint (0m)
and 10m.
Procedures
After a previous training
with 15min of duration before the data collection, tests were executed on
cement square, using a system of double photocells and a specific program developed
by the Institute of Sciences of Sports in Frankfurt to measure the athletes’ speed
in a distance of 10m. The test required that the athlete performed a leaving
from the rest point and facing the path. Three attempts were accomplished to make
statistical calculations.
Statistics
The statistical package
SPSS version 10.0 was used for the data treatment. First, the normality of the
sample
through the Shapiro Wilk
test was verified. After that, a descriptive analysis for characterization of the
sample and the investigated variable was accomplished. The mean of the three
attempts accomplished in the acceleration test (10m) was used for this descriptive
analysis. For comparison of the means between the groups, the Mann Whitney test
was used. The level of significance established in this study was of p<0.05.
Table 1 -
Anthropometry characterization of the samples n(mean±sd)
Soccer Futsal age (years)
16.16 ± 0.55 18.31 ± 0.75
Body mass (kg) 69.84 ± 8.40
72.16 ± 10.29
Height (cm) 174 ± 10 177 ±
9
Table 2 - Values of
T10m (seconds)
n mean ± sd minimum maximum
T 10m Soccer 25 1.79 ± 0.07
1.66
1.93
T 10m Futsal 12 1.53 ±
0.23* 1.29 1.86
*
p<0,05
Fit
Perf J. 2008 Jul-Aug;7(4):224-8. 227
ACCELERATION
CAPACITY
RESULTS
Table 2 presents the mean
and the standard deviation of T10m values. There was a significant difference.
The performance mean of futsal athletes was 1.53s and 1.79s for the soccer athletes.
According to the results
obtained in the speed test of 10m, the race time was different between the two
groups.
Futsal athletes presented
better results than soccer athletes, indicating that the futsal players have
better acceleration capacity than the soccer players.
DISCUSSION
Soccer and futsal are different
sports modalities, but they have common characteristics. The players of these
modalities have, in their
essence, similar physical requirements and a common necessity of using some
physical qualities. The speed is a component of the physical capacity which is
very used by soccer and futsal athletes, manifesting in many ways, according to
the modality, scheme, situation or specific action of the game2,3.
According to the
above-mentioned, some use to preach that the relative speed contribution for the
performance varies according to the each sports modality14. Soccer,
as a sports modality, is characterized by fast, short and non-continuous movements.
It is also characterized as an intermittent, non-continuous and high intensity activity2,15,16,17,18.
It is known that the way
each player moves, according to the rhythm, the speed, the duration of each
specific action and the proper taken action inside of a match, depend, of a
general way, on circumstances which the player has to face, in relation to his
position on the pitch3,5.
An approach regarding the
motor profile or the standards of movement that are part of the match structure
and that must be considered by the professionals who are responsible for the
training of soccer teams would be fundamental6,19.
Corroborating this, studies
have confirmed that the application of the analysis of time and movement to
soccer
comes from an objective register
way of the events in a game and its consequent interpretation12. During
the match, there is an alternation between periods of high and low intensity12. Along
the match, the proportion of low and high intensity actions is approximately
2,2 for 1, in relation to the total run distance18.
That is to say that for
each 1000m accomplished in high intensity, 2200m are accomplished through
reduced intensity actions. The high intensity actions include sprints and
sub maximum speed races, which require a high effort from athletes5.
In studies of the English premier
championship, it has been registered that players change their activities every
5s or 6s on average and have 3s resting pauses for each 2min; even though the
pauses tend to be longer and more frequent in lower levels of matches14.
Sprints would be done,
on average, in a 15m distance and would occur every 90s, approximately. The
motor actions of the soccer players, in relation to the displacements, were
analyzed through the use of a video camera and classified in some categories:
stopped, walking (4km.h-1), trotting (8km.h-1), running in low speed (12km.h-1), running
in moderate speed (16km.h-1), running in high speed (21km.h-1), sprints
(30km.h-1) and backward running (12km.h-1) 15.
The physical quality named strength
is another factor that would have to be taken into consideration concerning
the physical requirements
for a soccer player6. The strength is understood as a basic requirements for the accomplishment
of motor actions and also has been receiving growing attention in the training
of collective games and also in soccer games5,11,20.
Regarding this issue,
studies have affirmed that technique actions in the soccer are characterized by
explosive movements that demand fast strength and muscular resistance17,18.
In general, collective
sports are characterized as intermittent efforts activities, with short
duration, alternating periods of high and low intensity. Futsal is one of the
collective sports that fi t in the above-mentioned classification21.
The general aptitude profile
of the high level futsal athlete is characterized by the high values of aerobic
potency, as much in absolute values as in relative terms (60,7ml. kg-1.min-1, besides
high values of strength in inferior limbs, abdominal strength and agility. The
futsal somatotype of an athlete is predominantly mesomorphic15,19.
No significant differences
between the positions were found when the physical aptitude profile of the
futsal athletes was analyzed, according to their positions21.
The accomplishment of motor
actions in high intensity is common in futsal and in soccer, depending,
fundamentally, on the capacity of being very sucessful2. The
speed would be considered as a capacity of the fundamental conditioning to the
performance, in a way in which the motor activity can be accomplished in a
smaller period of time or in higher intensity22.
Because of the fact that it
is a capacity of intense motor actions, accomplished in a short time, in which
there is
muscular contraction in
fast and vigorous way, the performance of the speed, regarding the energy
aspect, happens through the fastness in which ATP re-synthesis occurs23.
The speed would be the
particular quality of the muscles and the neuromuscular coordination, allowing
the execution of a fast succession of gestures that, in their chaining,
constitute only one and same action, of a maximum intensity and a brief or very
brief duration24. In this way, a direct influence of joint actions of the
coordination and strength capacities for the development of the speed is
considered. Because of that, velocity in sports is put as the coordination
capacity and strength to speed
development.
In function of this, the
speed in sports is put as the capacity to reach, by means of the neuromuscular
system
functions agreed with cognitive
processes and maximum will power, a largest speed of reaction and movement20. The
speed manifestation inside of a match happens in different ways. The relative
contribution of the speed to
the performance varies according
to the requirements of each sports modality25.
Fit
Perf J. 2008 Jul-Aug;7(4):224-8.
MATOS, AIDAR, MENDES, LÔMEU, SANTOS, PAINS, ET AL. 228
Analyzing the characteristics
of soccer and futsal modalities, as well as tracing the motor profile of
athletes from each of these modalities and getting more information regarding
the physical capacity speed through the application of tests, with the
objective of comparing the acceleration capacity between these two sports are
relevant objectives, because they enrich the bibliographical collection, create
expectations for new studies and offer data for the professionals who are
responsible for the training of soccer and futsal players.
The inferential analysis showed
that the futsal players were significantly quicker than the soccer players. The
result corroborates the literature because, when analyzing the characteristics
of each modality, it can be verified that starts in high speed happens more
frequently in futsal modality, in relation to the soccer modality.
Another factor that might have
influenced the result, taking into account the specificity of each sport, is
that the accelerations accomplished by futsal players are, basically, in the same
dimensions in which the tests happened. Such situation happens due to the
dimensions of futsal squares.
The performance level of
the sample is presented differently and also might have influenced the results,
because the group formed by the futsal players was composed of the best players
of the state in the category.
Another important aspect to
be observed is the maturation level of the sample, in which futsal players had
an
average age of 18.25 years
old, superior to the soccer players, who presented an average age of 16.16
years
old.
According to the data
obtained in the present study, it was verified that futsal athletes obtained
better results
than soccer athletes in the
test of 10m, indicating that futsal players tend to have a larger acceleration
capacity
in relation to the soccer
players.
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Submmited: 03/13/2008 - Accepted: 05/19/2008
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